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CMake

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CMake note.

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CMake

simple example

writing a cmakelists.txt

  • 创建一个 CMakeLists.txt 文件，填入下面内容

      cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15...3.21)

  project(MyProject
    VERSION
      1.0
    DESCRIPTION
      "Very nice project"
    LANGUAGES
      CXX
  )

  add_executable(myexample simple.cpp)

  • 创建 simple.cpp 文件填入下面内容

      /* simple.c or simple.cpp */
  #include <stdio.h>

  int main() {
      printf("Hello, World!\n");
      return 0;
  }

building with cmake

  cd CPPConcurrencyInAction
  # -S 指定源代码目录为  ./CPPConcurrencyInAction
  # -B 指定构建目录为    ./CPPConcurrencyInAction/BUILD
  # 配置并生成makefiles，设置所有options为默认设置，并将其缓存到CMakeCache.txt文件中
  cmake -S . -B BUILD

  # 调用构建系统执行构建，无论你的构建系统是make还是ninja还是基于IDE的系统，都可以使用统一的命令
  # -j 2 在两个CPU 核心上执行构建
  # -v verbosely show commands used to build (详细列出构建使用的命令)
  cmake --build BUILD
  # 指定只编译 CPPConcurrencyInAction target
  cmake --build BUILD --target CPPConcurrencyInAction

usage

指定 c++版本

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

指定 CPU 架构

cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A Win32 -S \path_to_source\ -B "build32"
cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -S \path_to_source\ -B "build64"
cmake --build build32 --config Release
cmake --build build64 --config Release

指定编译生成的 app 目录

# 项目目录结构如下
# Test
#   CMakeLists.txt
#   main.cpp
# 执行编译后，test.exe 目录为 Test/bin/test.exe

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.15)
project(Test)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin")

add_executable(test main.cpp)

利用 add_subdirectory 组织多个工程

目录结构如下：

LLVM-Kaleidoscope
   CMakeLists.txt
   chapter-0
      CMakeLists.txt
      main.cpp
   chapter-1
      CMakeLists.txt
      main.cpp

# LLVM-Kaleidoscope/CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.15)
project(Kaleidoscope)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin")

add_subdirectory(chapter-0)
add_subdirectory(chapter-1)

# LLVM-Kaleidoscope/chapter-0/CMakeLists.txt
add_executable(chapter_0 main.cpp)

cd LLVM-Kaleidoscope
# 执行下面命令，在LLVM-Kaleidoscope/build目录下生成工程
cmake -S . -B build
# 执行下面命令，编译所有工程生成 chapter-0.exe chapter-1.exe
cmake --build build

打印 CMake 变量

message(PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}")

构建错误定位

下面文件中会列出具体的错误信息。可以已经具体错误信息再进一步定位错误。

xxx/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeConfigureLog.yaml
xxx/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log

Error

windows

could not find any instance of Visual Studio

没有安装 VS CMake 组件 和 Visual Studio 扩展开发

The CXX compiler identification is unknown

安装 VS C++ 开发环境
windows-cmake-env.jpg

project_source_dir 为空

调用 project() 之后 PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR 变量才生效

# ERROR
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.15)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin")
message(PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}")

project(Kaleidoscope)

# RIGHT
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.15)
project(Kaleidoscope)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin")
message(PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}")
LINK : fatal error LNK1104: 无法打开文件“ucrtd.lib”

微软安装 windows sdk 导致的 bug。
修改注册表 \HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots@KitsRoot10 的值为 C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\

error LNK2038: mismatch detected for '_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL': value '0' doesn't match value '2'
case 1

编译使用的 Debug，引用的 lib 使用的 release。修改 VS 工程如下设置选项:
Properties/Configuration Properties / C C++ / Code Generation/Runtime Library/Multi-threaded DLL

或者 cmake 文件中添加如下代码：

set(CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY "MultiThreadedDLL")

参考资料