Python Note

# 使用 pip 安装
pip install --upgrade pip enum34
# 使用 easy_install 安装
easy_install enum34

"{} {}".format("hello", "world")        # 'hello world'

"{0} {1}".format("hello", "world")      # 'hello world'

"{1} {0} {1}".format("hello", "world")  # 'world hello world'

doc_content = ''.join(paragraph.text for paragraph in doc_file.paragraphs)

  dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

  dict['School'] = "RUNOOB" # 添加
  dict['Age'] = 8 # 更新

  del dict['Name']  # 删除键是'Name'的条目
  dict.clear()      # 清空字典所有条目
  del dict          # 删除字典

for k,v in dict.items():
     print("key:", k, "value:", str(v))

# python2
xx_dict.has_key(xx_key)

# python3
xx_key in xx_dict

>>> m = re.search(r'^(\d{3,4}-)?(\d{7,8})$','020-82228888')
>>> m.group(0)
'020-82228888'
>>> m.group(1)
'020-'
>>> m.group(2)
'82228888'

#获取脚本运行目录
os.getcwd()

#改变当前工作目录
os.chdir(new_work_dir)

#获取脚本所在目录
os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]

#获取路径的标准路径 全路径切其中不含有“./ ../”之类
os.path.realpath(a_abs_path)

#获取 a_abs_path 路径相对于 b_abs_path 路径的相对路径
os.path.relpath(a_abs_path,b_abs_path)

#windows 路径转为 linux 路径
a_path = os.path.realpath(a_path)
a_path = a_path.replace("\\","/")

## 获取 HOME 目录
usr_home = os.path.expanduser(’~')

import os
f = "a/b/c/d.txt"
name, ext = os.path.splitext(f)
print name, ext                   #a/b/c/d .txt
print os.path.dirname(f)          #a/b/c
print os.path.basename(f)         #d.txt

  file_dir_list = os.listdir(dir)
  for file_or_dir in file_dir_list:
      file_or_dir_abs_path = os.path.join(dir, file_or_dir)
      if os.path.isfile(file_or_dir_abs_path):
          ProcessFile(file_or_dir_abs_path)
      else:
          ProcessDir(file_or_dir_abs_path)

for parent_dir, dirs, files in os.walk(ccsproj_res_abs_path):
    for file in files:
        ProcessResFile(os.path.join(parent_dir, file))

for parent_dir,dirs,files in os.walk(ccsproj_res_abs_path):
    for dir in dirs:
        ProcessDir(os.path.join(parent_dir,dir))

os.path.exists(dir-or-file-full-path)
os.path.isfile(file-full-path)

os.makedirs(path) #多层目录
os.mkdir(path)    #一层目录

op_file = open("op.txt", "r")
lines = op_file.readlines()
op_file.close()

op_file = open("op.txt", "w")
op_file.write("You’re still goin’ strong")
op_file.close()

# python 编码相关的库
import chardet

f = open(oldname)
old_content = f.read()
f.close()

old_coding = chardet.detect(old_content)['encoding']
old_content = old_content.decode(old_coding)

f = open(oldname, 'w')
new_content = old_content.encode(new_coding)
f.write(new_content)
f.close()

name, ext = os.path.splitext(file)
newname = os.path.join(root,name+".md")
os.rename(oldname,newname)

import shutil
#移动文件（目录）
shutil.move("oldpos","newpos")

import shutil
#复制文件:
shutil.copy("oldfile","newfile”)     #oldfile 只能是文件，newfile 可以是文件，也可以是目标目录
shutil.copyfile("oldfile","newfile") #oldfile 和 newfile 都只能是文件

#递归 copy 目录下的所有文件和目录:
shutil.copytree(src_dir,des_dir)

os.remove(file)          #删除文件
os.rmdir(empty_dir)      #删除空目录
os.removedirs(root_dir)  #递归删除空目录

import shutil
shutil.rmtree(root_dir)  #递归删除目录下的所有文件和目录

import os
import zipfile

def ZipDir(src_dir_path, out_zipfile_path):
    if not os.path.exists(src_dir_path):
        print("source dir not exist! src_dir_path = " + src_dir_path)
        return

    zip_handler = zipfile.ZipFile(out_zipfile_path, 'w')
    source_dir_len = len(os.path.dirname(src_dir_path))
    for parent_dir, dirs, files in os.walk(ccsproj_res_abs_path):
        for file in files:
            file_path = os.path.join(parent_dir, file)
            relative_path = file_path[source_dir_len:].strip(os.path.sep)
            zip_handler.write(file_path, relative_path)
    zip_handler.close()

g_curPath = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
ZipDir(g_curPath+"/testx", g_curPath+"/ttt.zip")

  构造函数---------------------   __init__( self )
  析构函数---------------------   __del__( self )

    # 静态成员变量定义在类作用域中:
    class Test:
        static_var=""
        pass
    # 静态成员函数参数不含 self:
    @staticmethod
    def StaticFunc1():
        ###
        pass
    # 静态成员函数参数不含 self, 包含 cls 方便调用其他静态函数:
    @classmethod
    def StaticFunc2(cls):
        cls.StaticFunc1()
        pass
    # 普通成员函数第一个参数为 self
    def MemberF(self):
        ###
        pass

  # 私有的变量：
  ```
  self.__pvar
  ```
  # 私有的函数：
  ```
  def __pfunc(self):
      ###
      pass

  class A:        # 定义类 A

  class B:         # 定义类 B

  class C(A, B):   # 继承类 A 和 B

# -*- coding utf-8 -*-
import multiprocessing

data_list = []

def process_data(lst, idx, NS):
    if idx == 45:
        NS.is_find = True
        NS.value = idx
    print(lst[idx])


if __name__ == "__main__":
    manager = multiprocessing.Manager()
    NS = manager.Namespace()
    NS.is_find = False
    NS.value = -1

    cpu_core_count = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
    processor_count = max(2, cpu_core_count - 2)
    pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processor_count)

    for i in range(200):
        data_list.append("hi" + str(i))

    print(multiprocessing.cpu_count())

    for i in range(200):
        pool.apply(
            process_data,
            (
                data_list,
                i,
                NS,
            ),
        )

    print("============")
    pool.close()
    pool.join()
    print(NS)
    pass

import docx

def get_docx(file_name):
    d = docx.opendocx(file_name)
    doc = docx.getdocumenttext(d)
    return doc

doc = get_docx('tt.docx')
print(doc)  # 输出行数：1075
for d in doc[:5]:
    print(d) # 打印前 5 行

'''输出：
一、补益之剂
1．四君子汤
四君子汤中和义，参术茯苓甘草比
益以夏陈名六君，祛痰补气阳虚饵
除却半夏名异功，或加香砂胃寒使
'''

import docx
from docx import Document
path = "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\word.docx"
document = Document(path)
for paragraph in document.paragraphs:
    print(paragraph.text)

pip install XlsxWriter

import xlsxwriter

wb = xlsxwriter.Workbook("xxx.xlsx")
ws = wb.add_worksheet()
row_num = 1
for row_id,row in rows_dict.items():
    ws.write(row_num, 0, row_id)
    for column_name,column_value in row.items():
        if column_name not in g_column_info_dict:
            g_column_info_dict[column_name] = (g_column_counter, column_value[1])
            g_column_counter = g_column_counter + 1
        column_num = (g_column_info_dict[column_name])[0]
        ws.write(row_num,column_num, column_value[0])
    row_num = row_num + 1
for column_name,column_info in g_column_info_dict.items():
    column_num = column_info[0]
    ws.write(0, column_num, column_name+"  "+column_info[1])
wb.close()

from scipy.integrate import quad
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def g(x, u, t1, t2):
    if(x<u):
        return np.exp(-t1*t1 * (x-u)*(x-u) * 0.5)
    else:
        return np.exp(-t2*t2 * (x-u)*(x-u) * 0.5)

def red(x):
    return 1.056*g(x,599.8,0.0264,0.0323) + 0.362*g(x,442.0,0.0624,0.0374) - 0.065*g(x,501.1,0.0490,0.0382)

def green(x):
    return 0.821*g(x,568.8,0.0213,0.0247) + 0.286*g(x,530.9,0.0613,0.0322)

def blue(x):
    return 1.217*g(x,437.0,0.0845,0.0278) + 0.681*g(x,459.0,0.0385,0.0725)


# Data for plotting
vred = np.vectorize(red)
vgreen = np.vectorize(green)
vblue = np.vectorize(blue)

x = np.linspace(300, 720, 1000)
yR = vred(x)
yG = vgreen(x)
yB = vblue(x)

plt.plot(x, yR, 'r')
plt.plot(x, yG, 'g')
plt.plot(x, yB, 'b')
plt.show()

print("red   =", quad(red, 300, 720))
print("green =", quad(green, 300, 720))
print("blue  =", quad(blue, 300, 720))

import numpy as np
# glstate_matrix_projection
glstate_matrix_projection = np.array(
    [
        [3.1363900 ,0             ,0            ,0        ],  # row0
        [0         ,-2.7474770    ,0            ,0        ],  # row1
        [0         ,0             ,0.0015023    ,0.3004507],  # row2
        [0         ,0             ,-1           ,0        ]   # row3
    ]
)

# test1 为行向量
test1 = np.array([1, 0, 0, 1])
# test2 为列向量
test2 = np.array([[1], [0], [0], [1]])

test1_proj = np.matmul(test1, glstate_matrix_projection)
test2_proj = np.matmul(glstate_matrix_projection, test2)
print("test1_proj \n",test1_proj)
print("test2_proj \n",test2_proj)

# test1_proj
#  [ 3.13639  0.      -1.       0.     ]
# test2_proj
#  [[3.13639 ]
#  [0.       ]
#  [0.3004507]
#  [0.       ]]

import numpy as np
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
import ctypes

VERTEX_SHADER = """
#version 330

layout (location = 0) in vec3 Position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 Color;

out vec3 outColor;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(0.5 * Position.x, 0.5 * Position.y, Position.z, 1.0);
    outColor = Color;
}
"""

FRAGMENT_SHADER = """
#version 330
in vec3 outColor;
out vec4 FragColor;
void main()
{
    FragColor = vec4(outColor, 1.0);
    //FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0, 0 , 1.0);
}
"""

def Create_Shader( ShaderProgram, Shader_Type , Source):
    ShaderObj = glCreateShader( Shader_Type )
    glShaderSource(ShaderObj , Source)
    glCompileShader(ShaderObj)
    if glGetShaderiv(ShaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS) != GL_TRUE:
        info = glGetShaderInfoLog(ShaderObj)
        raise RuntimeError('Shader compilation failed:\n %s'%info)
    glAttachShader(ShaderProgram, ShaderObj)

def Compile_Shader():
    global Shader_Program
    Shader_Program = glCreateProgram()
    Create_Shader(Shader_Program, GL_VERTEX_SHADER , VERTEX_SHADER)
    Create_Shader(Shader_Program, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER , FRAGMENT_SHADER)
    glLinkProgram(Shader_Program)
    glUseProgram(Shader_Program)

def Draw():
    glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
    glUseProgram(Shader_Program)
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO)
    glBindVertexArray(VAO)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3)
    glUseProgram(0)
    glBindVertexArray(0)
    glutSwapBuffers()


def CreateBuffer():
    vertex = np.array([[-1.0,-1.0,0.0],
                        [1.0,-1.0,0.0],
                        [0.0,1.0,0.0]],dtype="float32")
    color = np.array([[1.0,0.0,0.0],
                      [0.0,1.0,0.0],
                      [0.0,0.0,1.0]],dtype="float32")

    global VBO
    global VAO
    VAO = glGenVertexArrays(1)
    glBindVertexArray(VAO)
    VBO = glGenBuffers(1)
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO)
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex.nbytes+color.nbytes, None, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, vertex.nbytes, vertex)
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex.nbytes, color.nbytes, color)
    posL = glGetAttribLocation(Shader_Program, "Position")
    colorL = glGetAttribLocation(Shader_Program, "Color")
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(posL)
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(colorL)
    glVertexAttribPointer(posL, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None)
    glVertexAttribPointer(colorL, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(vertex.nbytes))
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
    glBindVertexArray(0)


def main():
    glutInit([])
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA)
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100)
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500)
    glutCreateWindow(b"HelloWorld")
    glutInitContextVersion(4,3)
    glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE)
    glutDisplayFunc(Draw)
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
    Compile_Shader()
    CreateBuffer()
    glutMainLoop()

main()

// 将 glutCreateWindow("HelloWorld"); 改为下面方式
glutCreateWindow(b"HelloWorld");

# 查看可安装python的所有版本
pyenv install -l

# 安装指定版本
pyenv install 3.9.4

# 查看当前版本信息
pyenv versions

# 设置当前全局使用的版本
pyenv global 3.7.2

# 设置项目局部版本
pyenv local 3.7.2

# Alias 可执行文件（每次安装可执行文件后，都需要执行该命令）
pyenv rehash